"Preah Vihear temple is one of the amazing mountain temples of Hindu founded during the Khmer Empire began built by Yasovarman I (889 – 910) in the 9th century and continued to completed by Suryavarman I (1006–1050) and Suryavarman II ( 1113 – 1150) on Dangrek mountain which is one of the long rank mountains in Cambodia."
Temple Info
Prasat Preah Vihear is an ancient Hindu temple built during the period of the Khmer Empire, that is situated atop a 525-meter cliff in the Dangrek Mountains, in the Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. In modern times, the temple is on the border between Cambodia and Thailand which was a case that leads to being disputed in the ownership of the temple. In 1962, following a lengthy dispute between Cambodia and Thailand over ownership, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague ruled that the temple is in Cambodia.
Preah Vihear is unusual among Khmer temples in being constructed along a long north-south axis, rather than having the conventional rectangular plan with orientation toward the east as other ancient temples during the Angkorian period.
Prasat Preah Vihear has the most spectacular setting of all the temples built during the six-century-long Khmer Empire. As a key edifice of the empire's spiritual life, it was supported and modified by successive kings and so bears elements of several architectural styles.
The temple complex runs 800 m (2,600 ft) along a north-south axis facing the plains to the north, from which it is now cut off by the international border between Cambodia and Thailand. It consists essentially of a causeway and steps rising up the hill towards the sanctuary, which sits on the clifftop at the southern end of the complex (120 m above the northern end of the complex, 525 m above the Cambodian plain, and 625 m above sea level. Although this structure is very different from the temple mountains found at Angkor, it serves the same purpose as a stylized representation of Mount Meru, the home of the gods. The approach to the sanctuary is punctuated by five gopuras (these are conventionally numbered from the sanctuary outwards, so gopura five is the first to be reached by visitors). Each of the gopuras before the courtyards is reached by a set of steps, and so marks a change in height which increases their impact.
As a historical, the King Yasovarman I, son of Indravarman I (his capital was at Hariharalaya), shifted the capital to Yashodarapura (the first Angkor capital meaning "The City That Bears Glory"). The temples that he was built named Lolei (893 AD), Preah Vihear (893 AD), Phnom Bakheng (the Royal temple 900 AD), Phnom Bok (910 AD), and Phnom Krom (910 AD). However, Yashovarman did not choose Phnom Bok as the capital city, near the city of Hariharalaya, as he considered it unsuitable due to its "awkward and too high" a location to mark as the center of the city. He did not choose Phnom Krom hill either, as he considered it too close to the Tonle Sap Lake.
Eventually, Phnom Bakheng of the triumvirate of hills was chosen as the capital city due to its low height and a large expanse of land available to establish a capital city. His objective was also to build a temple for housing a linga, which surpassed his father's Indresvara and named it as Yashodaresvara. He also named his capital as Yashodarapura, which became the first capital city of Angkor, but would be counted as the 3rd capital city of the Khmer empire. He, however, installed the Trimurtis (is the triple deity of supreme divinity in Hinduism in which the cosmic functions of creation, maintenance, and destruction are personified as a triad of deities, typically Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer) in the temples on the other two hills of Phnom Bok and Phnom Krom. Statues of the Hindu Trimurti were found at both Phnom Bok and Phnom Krom.
Construction of the first temple on the site began in the early 9th century by Yasovarman I; both then and in the following centuries it was dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva in his manifestations as the mountain gods Sikharesvara and Bhadresvara. Originally, the king Yasovarman I (889 – 910) began construction work by dedicated to Shiva as a result of spiritual development, increased political prestige, and economic growth which was naturally reflected in the temple undergoing more than 300 years of consultation with the deal of remodeling under subsequent King Suryavarman II ( 1113 – 1150).
This increased prestige naturally changed the original small sanctuary into one of the greatest Khmer temples of all time. This ranking was the result of the finest in situ carving that depicted the highest standards of unique Khmer architecture.
Several inscriptions have been found at Preah Vihear, the most interesting of which are summarised here.
***K.383 Known as the Stele of Preah Vihear or Stele of the Divakara, this inscription was written in Sanskrit and Khmer probably between 1119 and 1121. It narrates, by order of Suryavarman II, the life of royal guru Divakara and how he served under five Khmer king (Udayadiyavarman II, Harshavarman III, Jayavarman VI, Dharanindravarman I, and Suryaman II), who entrusted him with many gifts, both for himself and to be donated on their behalf to temples. Between the first and second decades of the 12th century, Divakara was asked by Suryavarman II to go on a pilgrimage to the temples to offer gifts, preside over ritual sacrifices and carry out improvements and repair works. At Preah Vihear temple, Davakara offered precious objects to Shikhareshvara, such as a statue, probably of gold, of the dancing Shiva. He added a gold dais inlaid with precious stones, covered the temple floor with bronze plaques, and decorated the walls with plates of precious metal. He ordered that the towers, courts, and main entrance be redecorated annually. He also distributed payments to all those who worked at the temple. This inscription is engraved on a stele found inside the mandapa.
***K.380 This inscription appears on both sides of the southern door on the gopura of the fourth level. Written in Sanskrit and Khmer probably between 1038 and 1049, it contains important history about Preah Vihear temple. It narrates the story of a local personage, Sukarman, who carried out the duties of Recorder in the Sanctuary and keeper of Archives of the Kingdom. It also tells of a royal decree requiring certain people to swear an oath of allegiance to Shikhareshvara.
***K.381 This inscription was sculpted on the southern doorjamb of the eastern palace's portico on the third level. Written in Sanskrit and Khmer during 1024, it narrates the story of Tapasvindra-Pandita, head of a hermitage, who was asked to dispose of presentation in favor of Shikhareshvara, the main god of the temple.
***K.382 This inscription was carved on a pillar and was found badly damaged in front of the central sanctuary and later taken to the National Museum in Bangkok. Inscribed in 1047 it refers to Suryavarman I who commissioned the inscription but contains little information that is important to Preah Vihear temple.
Temple Facts
Name: Preah Vihear Temple / Prasat Preah Vihear
Started date: 9th century during the reign of Yasovarman I ((893 AD)
Completed date: 11th–12th centuries AD by Suryavarman I and Suryavarman II
Deity: Shiva
Affiliation: Hinduism
Style: Khmer (Banteay Srei style and others)
Temple Pass:
Getting There:
Preah Vihear temple is located on the top of Preah Vihear mountain, Dangrek mountain range which one of the longest mountain ranges in Cambodia.
The temple was built at the top of Poy Tadi, a steep cliff in the Dângrêk Mountain range which is the natural border between Cambodia and Thailand.
The Temple is currently listed by Cambodia as being in Svay Chrum Village, Kan Tout Commune, in Choam Khsant District of Preah Vihear Province of northern Cambodia. The temple is 140 km from Angkor Wat and 418 km from Phnom Penh.
From Siem Reap, we'll head toward along the road 66 connecting to road 64 by past through Beng Mealea temple toward Preah Vihear province, then turn left by connecting the road 62 and then continue toward along road 62, you'll arrive at the temple.
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