Thommanon, a stone temple of Archaeological Park built during the reign of Suryavarman II at the same time as Angkor Wat dedicated to the god Shiva and Vishnu. The temple is covered in intricate carvings and surrounded by forests in Angkor. The temple is in relatively excellent condition.
Temple Info
Thommanon temple is located in the Angkor Archaeological Park which included in the small circuit tour. Thommanon temple is directly opposite the Chau Say Tevoda and just 500 meters east of the Victory Gate of Angkor Thom on the way to Ta Keo and Ta Prohm temples.
Thommanon is one of a pair of Hindu temples built during the reign of Suryavarman II (1113–1150) at Angkor, Cambodia. This small and elegant temple is east of the Gate of Victory of Angkor Thom and north of Chau Say Tevoda. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, inscribed by UNESCO in 1992 titled Angkor. The temple is dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu.
Scholars studying the carvings of the devatas in Thommanon have concluded that it was built around the time when work on Angkor Wat was begun. However, there is some disagreement as to the precise date it was built. Some believe that the distinctive carvings of females, known as devatas, indicate that they were built during the reign of Jayavarman VI (1080–1113 AD), sometimes at the end of the 11th century. However, there is a greater agreement, especially given the scholarly studies, that it was built by Suryavarman II around the time of Angkor Wat and Beng Mealea from 1113 to 1150 AD.
The Vaishnavite cult was adopted in Cambodia by Jayavarman II and his son Jayavarman III. Under these rulers, the Shaivite cult was subsumed with the Vaishnavite cult in the temples such as the Thommannon, Beng Mealea, Chau Say Tevoda, Banteay Samre, and Angkor Wat.
Thommanon is a single-towered temple with an east-facing central sanctuary, crowned by a Prasat, or tower. Access from the east is via a gopura, followed by a mandapa, or antechamber, before arriving at the central sanctuary.
Images of devatas, the female divine carved figurines, are seen in profusion here, as in other Khmer temples. They are the center of attraction in Thommanon. The devatas depict flower crowns, Sampots (Cambodian skirts), necklaces, armbands, belts, and ankle bands.
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| Left: Devatas in a corner panel depiction with two styles of skirts. Right: More depictions of devatas. |
The mudras displayed are complex. The devatas grip the flower very distinctively, holding the ring and middle fingers against the thumb, while the index and small finger are extended. One Angkor researcher calls this position the "devata mudra" and notes it is also prominent at Angkor Wat.
The Sampots of the devatas are divided into two types: one is the ancient pleated style, seen in the Bakheng period at Lolei, and Phnom Bok (900 AD), and the other is a patterned fabric style with folds and "tail" seen at Angkor Wat.
Temple Facts
Name: Thommanon temple
Completed date: 12th century
Builder: Suryavarman II (1113–1150)
Cultures: Khmer Empire
Affiliation: Hinduism
Dedicated: Shiva and Vishnu.
Architecture type: Khmer architecture
Location: Thommanon temple is one of the temples of the small circuit tour. It is directly opposite the Chau Say Tevoda and just 500 meters east of the Victory Gate of Angkor Thom on the way to Ta Keo and Ta Prohm temples.
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